ADHD and Attention Problems in Children
Johnny fidgets in his chair, talks to his neighbors, and just does not seem to be able to focus on his work. Janie stares off into space frequently and does not seem to be listening when you speak to her. Bobby gets out of his chair to do anything other than the work you give him. Do these children's parents need to talk with their pediatricians about medication? Not yet.
Children display these symptoms related to attention for lots of reasons, only one of which is Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Children with ADHD exhibit problems either with sustaining attention or with controlling their impulses, or both. Problems with sustaining attention may include not paying attention to details, not following directions, problems organizing tasks and being easily distracted. They may have problems with controlling their impulses, which can be seen in difficulties remaining seated, blurting out answers, interrupting others, talking excessively, fidgeting, and having problems waiting his/her turn. Just because a child exhibits one or more of the above behaviors does not mean he or she has ADHD, but he/she may need to be evaluated for the source of his/her attentional difficulties.
Children with learning disabilities, depression, anxiety, and relationship difficulties can also sometimes have attentional problems, but due to different causes. It is estimated that 6-8% of school age children have ADHD. Girls and children of above average intelligence are at high risk for being underdiagnosed and not being treated for their difficulties. Treatment for ADHD usually includes a combination of stimulant medication, behavioral therapy, and environmental accommodations. Children who are appropriately diagnosed and treated are at lower risk for school failure, alcohol and drug abuse, and anxiety and depression.
In order for a child to be properly diagnosed, he/she needs to undergo a psychological evaluation that rules out any "mimicking" condition for ADHD, including learning disabilities, depression/mood problems, and anxiety. Such an evaluation would include IQ testing, achievement testing, a sustained attention measure, as well as the completion of behavior and emotional rating scales by parents, teachers, and the child/adolescent. Although children and adolescents are the most commonly referred for attentional problems, adults also have ADHD and also too frequently go undertreated.
Information provided by Catherine B. Hasler, Ph.D. Click here to see her PStL profile and find out how to contact her.